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March 28, 2005

『問題な日本語―どこがおかしい?何がおかしい? 』

[本の感想]

問題な日本語―どこがおかしい?何がおかしい?

話題になっている本、『問題な日本語―どこがおかしい?何がおかしい? 』を読んでみた。

数人の著者が分担して書いているので、言葉の変化への寛容さに多少バラツキがある様に感じられるが、全体の方向性としては、ある程度保守的ながら一定の変化は許容する、といった感じだろうか。「誤用」「正しい」と単純に断定してしまうのではなく、とりあえず理由付けを試みてるあたりは新鮮だった。

ただ、「正しい」「誤用」というのがそもそも何を意味するのか、いまいちはっきりと定義されていない点は中途半端だと感じた。例えば「正しい日本語」だったら、
(a)日本人の使うべき日本語
(b)xxx年に内閣公示の「～～」に基づく日本語
(c)人々に使用されている頻度が最も高い日本語
(d)昔から使われてきた、又は文豪も使っていた日本語
など、いくつかの定義が考えられる。『問題な日本語』の中では「正しい」がいろいろな定義の中でふらふらしていて定まっていない。もちろん、「正しい日本語」は普遍的に～～だ、と定めてしまうことで生じる問題もあるので、「正しい」の定義がトピックや文脈によって変化することは問題ない。問題はないのだが、それが、この本の読み方を難しくしているように感じられた。

例えば、(b:内閣の公示した文書で示された日本語)が「正しい日本語」であるとした場合、それは必ずしも（a:日本人の使うべき日本語）と同じではない。いや、つまり、結果として(a)と(b)は同一である可能性はあるが、無条件に同一なのではなく、「政府がこう決めてるんだから、日本人はその通りの日本語を使うべきなんだ」といった感じの理屈をかませないとつながらない。そして、その理屈として多くの人を納得させるものを用意するのは結構大変じゃないかと思う。よって、2つ以上の定義を混同すべきではない。

この本を簡単に読み返してみると、確かに「誤用だから使うべきではない」という記述はほとんど無い。「使うべきではない」とされる語には、ほとんどの場合、他の理由が書かれていて、『問題な日本語』中で「正しい」「誤用」の複数の定義が混同されているとはいえない。しかし「正しい」「誤用」という言葉そのものに「こうあるべきだ」「これは使うべきではない」というニュアンスが含まれがちなことがこの本の読み方を難しくしている気がする。「正しい」「誤用」の意味に注意しなければならないのは読者なのかもしれない。

そう考えると、むしろ「正しい」の意味を１つに絞って読者に示し、例えば「言葉の変化の歴史と、言語学によって自然な変化と考えられる『正しい日本語』はこれだ」といった風に、政府の定めた「日本語」と現在使われている「日本語」をまとめて切るような内容のほうが面白かったのかもしれない。

あとは、方言への言及が少なかったのが気になった。標準語の文法（？）で半ば強引に説明しているもののなかにも、方言由来のものがあるのではないだろうか。

と、文句ばかり書いたが、単純に「この言いかたは正しい」「間違い」としているような類書と比べるとずっと納得できる本であり、なるほどと思う箇所も結構あった。日本語に興味がある人は読んでみる価値は有ると思う。あと、ところどころにある漫画は面白かった。

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